{"id":7556,"date":"2023-12-16T11:44:40","date_gmt":"2023-12-16T16:44:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.midnightsunmag.ca\/?p=7556"},"modified":"2023-12-16T11:53:14","modified_gmt":"2023-12-16T16:53:14","slug":"ai-countergovernance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.midnightsunmag.ca\/ai-countergovernance\/","title":{"rendered":"AI Countergovernance"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"7556\" class=\"elementor elementor-7556\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-728a91ec elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-items-bottom elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"728a91ec\" data-element_type=\"section\" 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class=\"fas fa-angle-double-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-106ff6fb elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"106ff6fb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-32887a5b\" data-id=\"32887a5b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-175bbda4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"175bbda4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/a-pole-with-a-bunch-of-stickers-on-it-gpjvRZyavZc\" target=\"_blank\">Photo: ev\/Unsplash<\/a><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-38ba7452 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"38ba7452\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b3a71f1\" data-id=\"b3a71f1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54fd7915 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54fd7915\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"text-align: right;\">12. 16. 2023<\/h3><h1>AI Countergovernance<\/h1><h3 style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><br \/><strong>Blair Attard-Frost<\/strong><br \/><\/span><\/strong><\/h3><hr \/><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the last year, the rapid uptake of generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems such as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/ariannajohnson\/2022\/12\/07\/heres-what-to-know-about-openais-chatgpt-what-its-disrupting-and-how-to-use-it\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ChatGPT<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.techtarget.com\/searchenterpriseai\/definition\/Dall-E\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dall-E<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lifewire.com\/what-is-stable-diffusion-7485593\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stable Diffusion<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has led to countless public discussions about the ethics and regulation of AI. There have also been revelations of significant harms caused by those systems. The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/6247678\/openai-chatgpt-kenya-workers\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">development of ChatGPT<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.noemamag.com\/the-exploited-labor-behind-artificial-intelligence\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">many other AI systems<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is deeply entwined with exploitative labour outsourcing practices. The datasets used to train many generative AI systems were obtained through industrial-scale <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/this.org\/2023\/08\/29\/drawing-a-line\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">theft of creative works<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from millions of artists. Tech companies are notoriously secretive about the immense <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2023\/jun\/08\/artificial-intelligence-industry-boom-environment-toll\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">energy and water consumption<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> required to operate the data centers and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/science\/2023\/07\/a-jargon-free-explanation-of-how-ai-large-language-models-work\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">large language models<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that power their generative AI systems. Both upstream and downstream, the value chains of these AI systems are rife with harms to society and the environment.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AI governance<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> should serve as a remedy to those harms. AI governance is a set of practices intended to maximize the benefits and minimize the harms that AI systems cause to a wide range of individuals and groups. Yet, instead of ensuring benefit and preventing harm to all of society, many state-led AI governance regimes are largely failing to serve civil society\u2019s needs. While &#8220;experts&#8221; from industry and academia are warning of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/lets-base-ai-debates-on-reality-not-extreme-fears-about-the-future-203030\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">science-fictional risks<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of human extinction caused by rogue AI, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0740624X21000885\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">recent research<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> shows that many communities are already being harmed by real-world AI systems and excluded from participating in AI policy development processes.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Leftist critics recognize that AI causes so many harms because AI systems are designed to function as tools of capitalist power. As a result, some have suggested that AI is irredeemable, and have called for a wholesale rejection of all AI systems. Others have proposed more nuanced governance mechanisms for countering capitalist power in AI systems, such as the formation of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/book\/101758\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">workers&#8217; councils and peoples&#8217; councils<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with the authority to set rules on the development and use of AI in their workplaces and communities.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These alternative mechanisms for community-led and worker-led governance indicate that many possibilities for exercising counterpower exist within AI systems. Those who have been marginalized and harmed by the emerging norms of AI governance can collectively organize to take governance into their own hands. Communities, workers, and even public servants need theories, practices, and strategies for <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AI countergovernance<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h2>AI Countergovernance in Theory<\/h2><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The participatory governance researcher Rikki Dean <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cogitatiopress.com\/politicsandgovernance\/article\/view\/1221\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">describes<\/span><\/a> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">countergovernance<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as \u201ccitizen opposition or contestation constituted with a direct and formal relation to power.\u201d Countergovernance concerns a wide range of institutions and mechanisms through which a marginalized community can oppose a source of power that has failed to serve their interests. Community-led countergovernance mechanisms often include collective organizing, civic oversight, petitions, community-led audits, and citizens&#8217; assemblies.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many approaches to resisting power in AI systems typically direct their resistance against the exclusionary, unjust power structures embedded in the design of the system\u2019s technological components: its datasets, algorithms, machine learning models, software, and hardware. For example, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2209.07572.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">participatory AI<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> typically aims to empower the people who are impacted by AI systems to directly participate in the design of those systems. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.feminist.ai\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feminist AI<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> approaches take more direct aim at the oppressive power relations embedded in AI systems, while they also tend to advocate for similar participatory interventions in technological design as the solution to those oppressive relations.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AI countergovernance<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> movements take a somewhat different approach. These movements primarily direct organized, collective, community-led opposition against the underlying political and economic systems that are constitutive of &#8220;AI,&#8221; rather than intervening in the design of the technology itself.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As an overview of some past and present cases of AI countergovernance will show in the next section, the act of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">countergoverning <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AI is less about technology and more about organization. In all of these cases, the collective organizing of an AI countergovernance movement begins when state and industry AI governance regimes fail to serve the interests of a community. The AI technologies involved in these cases are important concerns, but they are all by-products of a failed AI governance regime and the logics of its constituent organizations.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The central concern in all of these cases is simple and non-technical: powerful organizations failed to serve the interests of a community.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h2>AI Countergovernance in Practice<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With hindsight, we can interpret many of the organized tech backlashes of the late 2010s as cases of AI countergovernance. In 2018, many Google employees resigned, signed onto an <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2018\/apr\/04\/google-ceo-drones-ai-war-surveillance\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">open letter<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to Google\u2019s CEO, and publicly protested in response to Google\u2019s decision to partner with the Pentagon on a military AI development project called Project Maven. Through their acts of resistance, these Google employees eventually forced Google to re-organize some of its corporate AI governance practices around the interests of its workers. The Project Maven contract was <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/gizmodo.com\/google-plans-not-to-renew-its-contract-for-project-mave-1826488620\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cancelled<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and the drone-based surveillance system slated for development as part of the project was scrapped. Project Maven&#8217;s proposed AI system was successfully countergoverned by resisting Google \u2013 by forcing it to divest from those particular military AI projects \u2013 rather than by staging a design intervention in the organization\u2019s proposed surveillance system.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2019, local community backlash against a \u201csmart city\u201d development project in Toronto led by Sidewalk Labs (a sibling company of Google) was reaching a crescendo. \u201cSmart city\u201d projects such as the proposed Sidewalk Toronto initiative are typically intended to redevelop a large area of urban land so that a variety of new digital technologies, sensors, devices, and AI applications can be integrated into the area\u2019s infrastructure and services. On February 14, 2019, an <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thestar.com\/news\/gta\/google-s-sidewalk-labs-plans-massive-expansion-to-waterfront-vision\/article_0fbdb6fc-dcb7-537d-bf07-be755fd26411.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">article<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Toronto Star <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">revealed that Sidewalk Labs had secretly cut a deal with Waterfront Toronto, the intergovernmental authority responsible for stewarding the waterfront area where the \u201csmart city\u201d was to be developed. Sidewalk was to be given a greater parcel of post-industrial land to redevelop than originally proposed, and in exchange, a sizable share of the redeveloped land\u2019s tax revenues would be diverted from public coffers and into Sidewalk Labs.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to Sidewalk\u2019s land grab, the local community raised <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/archive\/google-toronto-sidewalk-gentrification\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">many concerns<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> regarding invasive and exploitative data collection practices, monitoring technologies, and machine learning systems that Sidewalk had planned to integrate into the infrastructure and services of the \u201csmart city.\u201d Though these concerns were voiced at a series of town hall meetings organized by Sidewalk Labs, Bianca Wylie, an organizer of the local #BlockSidewalk movement, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/biancawylie.medium.com\/debrief-on-sidewalk-toronto-public-meeting-3-a-master-class-in-gaslighting-and-arrogance-c1c5dd918c16\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">observed<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that the town hall meetings were often tokenizing and performative acts of consultation. Sidewalk was uninterested in sincere engagement with the community\u2019s vocal concerns about privacy and the commodification of civic data.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">#BlockSidewalk organizers <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/briarpatchmagazine.com\/articles\/view\/the-city-vs.-big-tech\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">continued to resist<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the Sidewalk Toronto project throughout 2019 and early 2020, attending and holding their own public meetings about the project, communicating their concerns to the local community and the press, and submitting their <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.toronto.ca\/legdocs\/mmis\/2020\/ex\/comm\/communicationfile-100646.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">recommendations<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for alternative digital infrastructure governance practices to City Council. In May 2020, Sidewalk announced their intent to cancel their Toronto project due to \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/toronto\/sidewalk-labs-cancels-project-1.5559370\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">unprecedented economic uncertainty<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, though many observers have <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/onezero.medium.com\/how-a-band-of-activists-and-one-tech-billionaire-beat-alphabets-smart-city-de19afb5d69e\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">noted<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that the local community\u2019s backlash was likely a significant factor in Sidewalk\u2019s decision to abandon the project. Collective organizing against harmful practices of digital governance and urban governance ultimately forced Sidewalk to re-organize in response to the community\u2019s resistance by simply withdrawing from the project altogether.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More recently, Canada has again become a site of intense backlash over the proposed <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.parl.ca\/DocumentViewer\/en\/44-1\/bill\/C-27\/first-reading\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Artificial Intelligence and Data Act<\/span><\/i><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(AIDA), a bill that was tabled in Parliament in June 2022 with the aim of establishing comprehensive national regulations on AI systems. AIDA has been met with extensive criticism on many grounds. The entire bill applies only to &#8220;high-impact systems,&#8221; but the text of the bill does not define what that term means; its definition is to be determined only after the bill is passed into law. Additionally, AIDA was not developed in consultation with vulnerable communities that stand to be most severely impacted by AI. These gaps in democratic process and oversight have led some critics to describe AIDA as a &#8220;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cigionline.org\/articles\/ai-regulation-should-not-be-a-blank-cheque-for-government\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">blank cheque<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,&#8221; &#8220;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/centrefordigitalrights.org\/files\/document\/2022-11-13\/257-013312.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">incomplete<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,&#8221; and &#8220;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cybersecurepolicy.ca\/aida\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">inadequate<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.&#8221;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many practices of countergovernance have emerged in response to the failures of state-led AI governance associated with AIDA. Concerned individuals and groups have organized community-led audits and evaluations of AIDA through formats such as reports, roundtables, media engagement, and freedom of information requests. Open letters and petitions from groups concerned that AIDA fails to protect <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iclmg.ca\/vote-against-aida\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">human rights<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/takeaction.ccla.org\/support-ai-regulations-canada?_ga=2.31371770.477404429.1694997801-274168229.1694997801&amp;_gl=1*1swb0vp*_ga*Mjc0MTY4MjI5LjE2OTQ5OTc4MDE.*_ga_E84DNXYP8X*MTY5NDk5NzgwMC4xLjEuMTY5NDk5NzgxNy40My4wLjA.*_ga_9YTTG4FDP1*MTY5NDk5NzgwMC4xLjEuMTY5NDk5NzgyOC4zMi4wLjA.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">privacy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.blairaf.com\/library\/aida-open-letter.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">livelihoods of artists <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">have urged the government to redraft or significantly alter the bill. In the absence of an effective public awareness campaign led by the government, I myself played a role in organizing the creation of an <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1KRidoknsXZiz13hlOB-VoDQLwEzavtbDOTbjd-vF5EQ\/edit?usp=sharing\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">explainer document<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to help build awareness of the potential impacts of generative AI and AIDA on the livelihoods of Canada\u2019s artists. Generative AI systems are frequently trained on large volumes of artistic works without authorization from or compensation to the creators of those works, but AIDA does not guarantee any protections against those exploitative data-sourcing practices.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the time of my writing this article, a parliamentary committee is studying AIDA. Despite organizers\u2019 best efforts at resisting AIDA, the government seems to have no intent to vigorously engage with vulnerable communities or to make any significant alterations to the bill so it will better serve those communities\u2019 interests.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The impacts of generative AI on artists also became a flashpoint in the recent labour strikes by the Writers Guild of America (WGA) and Screen Actors Guild-<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">American Federation of Television and Radio Artists<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (SAG-AFTRA). WGA and SAG-AFTRA members went on strike for a variety of reasons, but a significant point of contestation between the unions and the Hollywood studios has been the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fortune.com\/2023\/07\/24\/sag-aftra-writers-strike-explained-artificial-intelligence\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">industry&#8217;s use of generative AI<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/variety.com\/2023\/biz\/news\/wga-ai-writers-strike-technology-ban-1235610076\/#!\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">training of generative AI systems<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on union-protected creative works. Beyond issues of labour exploitation and theft, generative AI has also raised concerns regarding the displacement and devaluation of creative labour. All of these concerns are at issue in the WGA and SAG-AFTRA strikes, making the strikes another case of AI countergovernance: a community of workers using a variety of mechanisms \u2013 including workers\u2019 committees, petitions, public denunciations, and media engagement \u2013 to force a powerful industry to change its AI governance practices to better serve the community\u2019s interests.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The WGA won several AI-related limitations in an <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wgacontract2023.org\/the-campaign\/summary-of-the-2023-wga-mba\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">agreement<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> reached on September 25, including limitations on the use of generative AI in writing processes and limitations on the use of union-protected creative materials to train generative AI systems. On November 8, SAG-AFTRA <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sagaftra.org\/tentative-agreement-reached\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">announced<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> they had reached a tentative agreement that includes \u201cunprecedented provisions for consent and compensation that protects members from the threat of AI,\u201d though the effectiveness of the new contract\u2019s protections <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2023\/11\/18\/23962349\/sag-aftra-tentative-agreement-generative-artificial-intelligence-vote\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">remains to be seen<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h2>Governing AI from Below<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What can community organizers, workers, and public servants learn from these cases? Looking across all of these backlashes against harmful AI governance regimes, some strategies and paths forward for AI countergovernance become clear.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can take AI governance into your own hands. If you and others in the communities you&#8217;re part of are concerned about the impacts AI might have on you, there are actions you can take to build counterpower and develop your own community-led AI governance practices:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Talk<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Have conversations with others in your community about your interests, hopes, and fears regarding AI. Identify shared values and needs that might benefit from or be threatened by AI. Identify specific types of AI systems that might impact or are impacting your community. Remember that \u201cAI\u201d is not just machine learning applications, but an entire network of organizations and technologies, including the digital, data, and computer infrastructures that support machine learning applications. If you want to make your conversations more formal, you can work together to organize roundtable discussions, town hall meetings, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.peoplepowered.org\/legislative-theater\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">legislative theatre<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.peoplepowered.org\/resources-content\/citizens-assemblies-guide-to-democracy-that-works\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">citizens&#8217; assemblies<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Investigate<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Learn more about the impacts that AI systems are having on other communities. Learn more about what mechanisms to regulate AI are currently in development or being enforced by the governments that have power over your community. Resources such as the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oecd.ai\/en\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">OECD AI Policy Observatory<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/algorithmwatch.org\/en\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AlgorithmWatch<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aiindex.stanford.edu\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AI Index<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/incidentdatabase.ai\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AI Incident Database<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fair.work\/en\/fw\/about\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fairwork<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can help you investigate AI-related issues where you live and elsewhere. If you and others in your community feel like your local regulations do not serve your shared interests or will not effectively address the AI systems that impact your community, talk more together about what regulations or other resources would better serve you.<\/span>\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Build awareness<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Create, locate, and distribute knowledge resources that support people in your community who may not be familiar with AI-related issues. Help build their awareness of how AI systems and AI governance regimes might impact their lives. Provide them with access to the knowledge resources they need to continue building their own awareness of the issues. Helpful knowledge resources can include plain-language explainer documents, reading and viewing lists, reports and summaries, and videos and podcasts.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Oppose<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: If the regulations and other policies and resources provided by state power do not serve your community\u2019s shared interests, then you might decide to more directly oppose the AI systems that impact your community. AI countergovernance methods often include (but are not limited to): making rules, shared resources, and plans to govern AI and mitigate its harmful impacts within your community without state support; petitions, open letters, and letter-writing campaigns addressed to sources of state and industry power (e.g., elected representatives, administrative officials, executives); community-led audits and evaluations of harmful AI governance regimes, AI systems, policy instruments, and organizations; and contacting and engaging with journalists who report on AI issues to heighten public awareness of your concerns and your community\u2019s other countergovernance efforts.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Workers can directly oppose AI in their workplaces as well. In the cases of both the Project Maven backlash and the WGA\/SAG-AFTRA strikes, labour power organized to counteract industry power. These two cases teach us that workers, labour unions, and professional associations can and should decide how the AI systems that most affect them must be developed and used \u2013 or whether any applications of AI should be permitted at all.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Workers without a union can talk, investigate, build awareness, and oppose harmful AI systems using the methods described above. They can also talk about and investigate strategies for unionizing their workplaces. Unionized workers can deploy the organizing methods described above in addition to leveraging other <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/publicservices.international\/resources\/digital-publication\/digitalisation-br-a-union-action-guide-for-public-services-work-and-workers?lang=en&amp;id=11767&amp;showLogin=true\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">labour governance mechanisms<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at their disposal, such as collective bargaining agreements and workplace policy demands.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sadly, the workers&#8217; victory against Project Maven was short-lived: Google has since launched a series of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/3-years-maven-uproar-google-warms-pentagon\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">new military AI partnerships<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. From Project Maven, we learn that worker resistance must be both organized <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sustained to achieve successful long-term countergovernance outcomes. Sustained resistance can be built through worker-led governance mechanisms such as permanent committees or working groups on workplace AI policy \u2013 the AI working group that has been organized by the WGA, for example.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finally, as brokers of state power who are ostensibly paid to <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">serve<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the interests of their <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">publics<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, public servants have an important role to play in the process of AI countergovernance. As we see in the cases of the Sidewalk Labs and AIDA backlashes, AI countergovernance movements often arise when state power privileges the interests of industry over those of communities. Community-minded public servants can and should resist the industry capture of state power within their workplaces. Public servants should also organize efforts to promote <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.peoplepowered.org\/participatory-policymaking\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">participatory policy-making processes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> regarding AI and more generally.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When countergovernance movements do arise, public servants should vigorously engage with aggrieved communities. Communities should be provided with the resources they need to talk, investigate, and build awareness around the AI-related issues that are of greatest concern to them. Public servants have a professional duty to empower marginalized communities \u2013 and the broader publics they belong to \u2013 to meaningfully participate in the state\u2019s AI policy development processes. They should work directly with community groups to co-design stronger AI policies and support programs that are more sensitive to community needs.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The top-down AI governance regimes of state and industry power often fail to serve the interests of marginalized communities and workers. If we organize together, we have the power to govern AI ourselves from the bottom up.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-421469ea elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon elementor-view-default elementor-widget-divider--element-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"421469ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-sun\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f3a0115 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4f3a0115\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop SCXW155674828 BCX8\">Blair Attard-Frost is a researcher, teacher, and storyteller. Their academic work investigates the ethics and governance of artificial intelligence. Their creative work explores potential futures for AI governance through the lenses of speculative fiction, glitch aesthetics, and transgender politics.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-46391b5 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone\" data-id=\"46391b5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-29e8a4ac elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone\" data-id=\"29e8a4ac\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-781a0436 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"781a0436\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"shariff shariff-align-flex-start shariff-widget-align-flex-start\"><ul class=\"shariff-buttons theme-default orientation-horizontal buttonsize-medium\"><li class=\"shariff-button twitter shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#595959\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.midnightsunmag.ca%2Fai-countergovernance%2F&text=AI%20Countergovernance&via=midnightsunmag\" title=\"Share on X\" aria-label=\"Share on X\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; 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